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Research Article: Fetal Lung Interstitial Tumor (FLIT): Review of The Literature

Date Published: 2023-05-02

Abstract:
Fetal lung interstitial tumor (FLIT) is an extremely rare pediatric lung tumor that shares radiological features with congenital pulmonary malformations (cPAM) and other lung neoplasms. A review of the literature, together with the first European case, are herein reported. A systematic and manual search of the literature using the keyword “fetal lung interstitial tumor” was conducted on PUBMED, Scopus, and SCIE (Web of Science). Following the PRISMA guidelines, 12 articles were retrieved which describe a total of 21 cases of FLIT, and a new European case is presented. A prenatal diagnosis was reported in only 3 out of 22 (13%) cases. The mean age at surgery was 31 days of life (1–150); a lobectomy was performed in most of the cases. No complications or recurrence of disease were reported at a mean follow-up of 49 months. FLIT is rarely diagnosed during pregnancy, may present at birth with different levels of respiratory distress, and requires prompt surgical resection. Histology and immunohistochemistry allow for the differentiation of FLIT from cPAM and other lung tumors with poor prognosis, such as pleuropulmonary blastoma, congenital peri-bronchial myofibroblastic tumor, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, and congenital or infantile fibrosarcoma.

Introduction:
Neonatal lung masses are considered rare diseases. They are thought to affect approximately 1 in 15,000 live births (even if some think they might be higher [1]) and are mainly caused by the spectrum of congenital pulmonary airway malformations (cPAM) and, rarely, by the primary lung tumors [2]. cPAMs are mostly benign, but malignancy is, nowadays, a well-known event that can occur throughout life [3]. The differential diagnosis among these entities is crucial and requires histological confirmation, as imaging…

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