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Research Article: Perinatal Characteristics and the Sensitization to Cow Milk, Egg Whites and Wheat in Children up to 3 Years of Age

Date Published: 2023-05-11

Abstract:
Food sensitization in early life identifies children at risk of developing allergic diseases. We investigated the sensitization to cow milk (CM), egg whites, and wheat. Newborns and infants under 3 years of age with available specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) data were identified. A retrospective survey was conducted using data from the Chang Gung Research Database. Perinatal characteristics, such as singleton or multiples in a single pregnancy, parity, meconium staining, maternal age, spontaneous delivery or cesarean section, meconium passage, weeks of gestation, birth length, body weight, head and chest circumferences, and season, were obtained. The data on sIgE were collected, and a logistic regression model was used to determine the odds of sensitization. Positive sIgE for CM and egg whites was more likely to occur in boys than in girls. Early-life egg white and wheat sensitization was associated with increased birth body length and weight. A multivariate analysis indicated an association between egg white sIgE positivity and logarithmic total IgE. Higher total IgE levels and younger age were associated with egg white sensitization, and elevated weight and length at birth were linked to food sensitization, particularly to egg whites and wheat.

Introduction:
Early-life food sensitization has identified children who are at high risk for subsequent allergic diseases [1]. In particular, milk, eggs, and wheat were the most common food hypersensitivities encountered during the first 3 years of life [2]. A prospective birth cohort study addressed prenatal and perinatal issues and identified risk factors for food allergy in Taiwanese young children [3]. The survey demonstrated that eggs (26/95, 27.3%) and milk (22/95, 23.2%) were the most common food allergens.

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