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Research Article: Hybrid Palliation for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome: Role of Echocardiography

Date Published: 2023-06-04

Abstract:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is a spectrum of complex congenital cardiac defects. Although in borderline cases, biventricular repair is a viable option, in the majority of cases, univentricular palliation is the treatment of choice. Hybrid palliation can be a valid alternative to classic Norwood operation in the neonatal period, especially in selected cases such as high-risk patients or borderline left ventricles. Echocardiography is the main diagnostic modality in this pediatric population, from the fetal diagnosis to the subsequent surgical steps of palliative treatment. Hybrid palliation is performed after birth and is characterized by surgical banding of the pulmonary arteries along with transcatheter stenting of the ductus arteriosus. There are some peculiar aspects of cardiac imaging that characterize this type of palliation, and that should be considered in the different phases before and after the procedure. We aimed to review the current literature about the role of echocardiography in the management of patients with hypoplastic left heart undergoing hybrid palliation.

Introduction:
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a spectrum of complex congenital cardiac defects in which the anatomy and physiology of the heart are profoundly altered. Diagnosis of HLHS is based exclusively on ultrasound imaging modalities, whose versatility offers high accuracy and widespread availability. Prenatal diagnosis is of paramount importance since it allows to program the most appropriate management of the newborn with HLHS in a tertiary care center. Then, echocardiography provides important information for…

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