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Research Article: Evaluation of Anal Sphincter with High Resolution Anorectal Manometry and 3D Reconstruction in Patients with Anorectal Malformation

Date Published: 2023-06-09

Abstract:
Background: Patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) need long-term follow-up, in order to evaluate fecal continence; the main predictors of longer-term success are the type of ARM, associated anomalies and sacral integrity. Three-Dimensional High Resolution Anorectal Manometry (3D-HRAM) gives detailed information on pressure on the anal complex profile. Our objective was to analyze anal sphincter activity in ARM patients with 3D-HRAM establishing the correlation between manometric and clinical data. Methods: Forty ARM patients were submitted to 3D-HRAM: manometric, anatomical and clinical scores were correlated with each other and with the bowel management response (BM). Results: A positive correlation between all scores and types of ARM was found: in high ARM and in patients with spinal anomalies (regardless to ARM type) lower scores were reported and even after BM they did not achieve good continence. Conclusions: 3D-HRAM gives detailed data on the functional activity of the anal sphincter complex. Our study revealed a correlation between manometric parameters and clinical outcomes, confirming spinal malformations and ARM type as the most important prognostic risk factors for a bad outcome. Specific sphincteric defects can also be explored with manometry, allowing for tailored bowel management strategies.

Introduction:
Anorectal malformations (ARMs), occurring in 1:4000/5000 neonates, involve the last tract of the gastrointestinal tube and relative structures, such as the perineal body and urogenital organs [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. These types of malformation fall on a wide spectrum, from simpler to more complex defects such as cloaca; therefore, functional outcomes range from good in the simplest cases to poor in the rarest and most complex situations [9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18]. The main predictors of longer-term success in fecal…

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