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Research Article: Association between Phase Angle and Body Composition of Children and Adolescents Diagnosed with HIV Infection

Date Published: 2023-07-29

Abstract:
The aim of the study was to investigate how phase angle (PhA) is associated with subtotal and lumbar spine bone mineral density [BMD], lean soft tissue mass [LSTM], total body fat mass, android and gynoid in children and adolescents with HIV according to sex. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Florianópolis, Brazil, involving 64 children and adolescents vertically transmitted with HIV. Resistance and reactance values were obtained using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and PhA was subsequently calculated. Dual emission X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess body composition. Antiretroviral medication, physical activity (accelerometers) and skeletal maturation (wrist-carpal radiography) were used in the adjusted model. In males, PhA was directly associated with subtotal BMD (?adj: 0.65; R²: 0.38, p < 0.01) and lumbar spine BMD (?adj: 0.53; R²: 0.22, p = 0.01), directly associated with LSTM (?adj: 0.76; R²: 0.46, p < 0.01), and inversely associated with gynoid fat (?adj: ?0.47; R²: 0.2, p = 0.01), in adjusted models. In females, PhA was directly associated with subtotal BMD (?adj: 0.46; R²: 0.17, p < 0.01) and lumbar spine BMD (?adj: 0.48; R²: 0.19, p < 0.01). It is concluded that PhA was directly associated with subtotal and regional BMD, LSTM, and inversely with gynoid fat in boys with HIV. In girls, PA was directly associated only with subtotal and regional BMD.

Introduction:
Children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV infection may have changes in body composition, mainly due to the deleterious effects of the virus and the continuous and prolonged use of drugs for antiretroviral therapy (ART) [1]. A study conducted with this population identified lower bone mineral density (BMD) and alterations in bone microarchitecture [2]. The literature has described that HIV infection itself can induce an increase in resorption and a decrease in bone formation. These factors result in a decrease…

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