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Research Article: Paediatric COVID-19 Outcomes: Haematology Parameters, Mortality Rates, and Hospitalization Duration

Date Published: 2023-09-28

Abstract:
The global COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems around the globe, necessitating extensive research into the variables that affect patient outcomes. This study examines the relationships between key haematology parameters, duration of hospital stay (LOS), and mortality rates in COVID-19 cases in paediatric patients. Researchers analyse relationships between independent variables (COVID-19 status, age, sex) and dependent variables (mortality, LOS, coagulation parameters, WBC count, RBC parameters) using multivariate regression models. Although the R-square values (0.6–3.7%) indicate limited explanatory power, coefficients with statistical significance establish the impact of independent variables on outcomes. Age emerges as a crucial predictor of mortality; the mortality rate decreases by 1.768% per age group. Both COVID-19 status and age have an inverse relationship with length of stay, emphasising the milder hospitalisation of children. Platelet counts decline with age and male gender, potentially revealing the influence of COVID-19 on haematological markers. There are significant correlations between COVID-19 status, age, gender and coagulation measures. Lower prothrombin time and D-dimer concentrations in elder COVID-19 patients are indicative of distinct coagulation profiles. WBC and RBC parameters exhibit correlations with variables: COVID-19-positive patients have lower WBC counts, whereas male COVID-19-positive patients have higher RBC counts. In addition, correlations exist between independent variables and the red cell distribution width, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular haemoglobin. However, there is no correlation between mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration and outcomes, indicating complex interactions between haematological markers and outcomes. In essence, this study underlines the importance of age in COVID-19 mortality, provides novel insights into platelet counts, and emphasises the complexity of the relationships between haematological parameters and disease outcomes.

Introduction:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19, COVID), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a devastating effect on the world’s population, resulting in more than 779 million confirmed cases and nearly 7 million deaths worldwide as of August 2023 [1]. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 to be a pandemic in March 2020 after it was first discovered in Wuhan, China, at the end of January 2020. Since then, SARS-2 infections have spread worldwide in tsunami-like…

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