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Research Article: Comparative Analysis of the GH/IGF-1 Axis during the First Sixth Months in Children with Low Birth Weight

Date Published: 2023-11-24

Abstract:
Objective: To analyze the relation between alterations in the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis during the first 6 months of life and weight in children born in the lower-middle São Francisco region. Methods: This is an analytical cohort and exploratory. Thirty children, were formed two groups, one of low birth weight children (LBW, n = 15) and another of normal weight (NBW = 15) were initially identified in a hospital and reapproached at 3 and 6 months of age. Birth weight and alterations in GH/IGF-1 curves were measured at birth and the third and sixth months of life. Results: Weight gain during the 6 months of follow-up in newborns with a low birth weight was greater compared to newborns with a normal birth weight. All children who were born with a low birth weight had an altered GH/IGF-1 curve at birth (p = 0.002). Most newborns with a low birth weight maintained the alteration in the GH/IGF-1 curve at the third month of life (p = 0.027). Regarding the GH/IGF-1 curve at the sixth month, alteration persisted in greater proportion among children with a low birth weight. Conclusions: Alterations in insulin resistance markers, demonstrated by increased GH without a proportional increase in IGF-1, were observed to be significant in children with a low birth weight with greater adiposity in this group which may increase the risk of metabolic diseases in later life.

Introduction:
The World Health Organization considers low birth weight (LBW) to be one of the main causes of infant morbidity and mortality. LBW constitutes a serious public health problem, and it is one of the main causes of malnutrition, physical and developmental problems, as well as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. In this context, clinical, pathological, and even social conditions may be linked to the condition of LBW, such as prematurity caused by intrauterine growth restriction, hypertensive diseases of pregnancy,…

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