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Research Article: BoDV-1 Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Date Published: 2023-09-01

Abstract:
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) can cause a severe human syndrome characterized by meningo-myeloencephalitis. The actual epidemiology of BoDV-1 remains disputed, and our study summarized prevalence data among children and adolescents (<18-year-old). Through systematic research on three databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MedRxiv), all studies, including seroprevalence rates for BoDV-1 antigens and specific antibodies, were retrieved, and their results were summarized. We identified a total of six studies for a total of 2692 subjects aged less than 18 years (351 subjects sampled for BoDV-1 antibodies and 2557 for antigens). A pooled seroprevalence of 6.09% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 2.14 to 16.17) was eventually calculated for BoDV-1 targeting antibodies and 0.76% (95% CI 0.26 to 2.19) for BoDV-1 antigens. Both estimates were affected by substantial heterogeneity. Seroprevalence rates for BoDV-1 in children and adolescents suggested that a substantial circulation of the pathogen does occur, and as infants and adolescents have relatively scarce opportunities for being exposed to hosts and animal reservoirs, the potential role of unknown vectors cannot be ruled out.

Introduction:
Borna disease virus 1 (BoDV-1) is a negative sense, single stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family of Bornaviridae (order Mononegavirales) alongside the Borna disease virus 2 (BoDV-2), both from genus Mammalian-1-Orthobornavirus, and the Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus 1 (VSBV-1; genus Mammalian-2-Orthobornavirus) [1,2,3,4]. The small, highly conservative genome (8.9 kilobases) is enclosed in enveloped viral particles with spherical geometry and helical capsid (70 to 130 nm in diameter for the enveloped…

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