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Research Article: Implications of Sex Differences on the Treatment Effectiveness in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction Related to Clinical Endpoints and Quality of Life

Date Published: 2023-12-07

Abstract:
This narrative review will emphasize the necessity for more female enrollment in heart failure (HF) trials and proposes future investigations regarding optimal dosages. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of the unique pathophysiology and medication responses in both men and women is crucial for effective HF management and may improve the quality of life in women.

Introduction:
Women are underrepresented in clinical trials, despite the fact that there is an equal ratio in the prevalence of heart failure (HF) [1]. An extensive review on female enrolment in 740 cardiovascular studies revealed that the participation of women in these studies was as low as 38.2% in general [2]. Additionally, a systematic review and meta-analysis by Danielson et al. that investigated sex variations in trials that tested the effectiveness of pharmacological therapy in HF even showed that only 23.1% of the…

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