Research Article: Bushen Huoxue Formula Inhibits IL-?-Induced Apoptosis and Extracellular Matrix Degradation in the Nucleus Pulposus Cells and Improves Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Rats
Abstract:
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common spinal condition that profoundly affects patients’ health and quality of life., This prevalent musculoskeletal ailment is chronic and enduring, incurring substantial costs on individuals and the broader social economy while inflicting physical and psychological harm., IVDD is a complex process believed to be caused by aging,, oxidative damage,, and changes in the intervertebral disc microenvironment.– Mechanical injuries locally disrupt the intervertebral disc microenvironment during the IVDD process, leading to tissue trauma and matrix remodeling., Upon changes in the intervertebral disc microenvironment, there is a release and secretion of apoptotic factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and inflammatory factors.– The pathological mechanisms underlying disc degeneration, especially oxidative stress, apoptosis, extracellular matrix degradation, and inflammatory cascades, remain poorly understood. NLRP, a crucial component of the inflammasome, regulates and mediates inflammatory responses. Upon intervertebral disc damage or degeneration, intracellular NLRP activation may occur. These activated NLRP inflammasomes can induce the release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-?. IL-?, a potent inflammatory mediator, not only promotes NLRP activation but also exacerbates the inflammatory response during intervertebral disc degeneration. This activation-triggered release of IL-? by NLRP could initiate a destructive cycle, intensifying inflammatory damage to intervertebral disc tissue and potentially accelerating the degeneration process., Earlier studies have linked the NLRP inflammasome to the inflammatory response in IVDD. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage, and NLRP inflammasome activation are all associated with IVDD.,
Introduction:
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a common spinal condition that profoundly affects patients’ health and quality of life. , This prevalent musculoskeletal ailment is chronic and enduring, incurring substantial costs on individuals and the broader social economy while inflicting physical and psychological harm. , IVDD is a complex process believed to be caused by aging, , oxidative damage, , and changes in the intervertebral disc microenvironment. – Mechanical injuries locally disrupt the intervertebral…
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