Research Article: Antitumor Activity of Berberine by Activating Autophagy and Apoptosis in CAL- and BHT- Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Lines
Introduction:
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most lethal aggressive malignancies and is characterized by high levels of rapid proliferation, extrathyroidal invasion, and distant metastasis. Unfortunately, unlike differentiated thyroid carcinoma, most ATC patients are resistant to conventional treatment, including surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (multimodal therapy), and immunotherapy. , Due to a lack of effective treatment measures, ATC is the major cause of all thyroid carcinoma-related deaths with a…
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