Research Article: Differential Recognition of Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa by Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages and Dendritic Cells

Abstract:
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and other mammals. Its etiological agents are members of the Sporothrix pathogenic clade, and currently, the infection is mainly caused by Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis, and Sporothrix globosa.– This disease has global distribution; however, most of the animal and human cases are concentrated in countries located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, with exceptions reported in South Africa, China, Japan, and the anecdotic cases documented in European countries and the United States of America.– The lymphocutaneous infection is the most frequent clinical form of sporotrichosis, which rarely becomes a life-threatening disseminated disease.– However, when there is temporal or permanent immunosuppression in the host, the subcutaneous infection can develop into a systemic disease with high mortality rates in both humans and animals.,,, Historically, S. schenckii was the first fungal species associated with sporotrichosis, and as a consequence, it is the Sporothrix species most thoroughly studied at both basic and clinical levels., S. globosa, like S. schenckii, is distributed worldwide; however, within the pathogenic clade is considered the least virulent species due to its limited growth at high temperatures.– S. brasiliensis has been responsible for infectious outbreaks in Brazil and is considered the most virulent species.– These three fungal species can grow as conidium-producer mycelia in the environment and undergo dimorphism to yeast-like cells when colonizing and damaging the host tissues. Thus, conidia and hyphae are the first fungal morphologies to establish contact with the host. However, the zoonotic and epizootic S. brasiliensis outbreaks have changed this paradigm, and currently, not only conidia but also yeast-like cells can infect host tissues.,,,

Introduction:
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis that affects humans and other mammals. Its etiological agents are members of the Sporothrix pathogenic clade, and currently, the infection is mainly caused by Sporothrix schenckii, Sporothrix brasiliensis , and Sporothrix globosa . – This disease has global distribution; however, most of the animal and human cases are concentrated in countries located between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, with exceptions reported in South Africa, China, Japan, and the anecdotic cases…

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