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Research Article: The First Discovery of a Microstructure in Black Plaster and Its Performance Characterization

Date Published: 2023-07-28

Abstract:
For thousands of years, black plaster has been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine dosage form. Black plaster is a dark brown plaster intended for external application to the skin, prepared by refining prepared slices, edible vegetable oil, and red lead oxide. As a skin topical treatment, the black plaster is spread on the backing material. The earliest record of Goupi Gao was in the book “Yang Ke Xuan Cui” in Ming Dynasty. There are broad and narrow definitions regarding Goupi Gao. Broadly speaking, Goupi Gao is a synonym for black plaster. The subject of this report refers to the narrow sense of Goupi Gao, which is a specific preparation included in all editions of the Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (except the Edition, which did not contain any black plaster). Goupi Gao is mainly used for dispelling cold, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain,, which is a classic preparation for treating arthralgia caused by wind and dampness. Goupi Gao is a compound preparation of Traditional Chinese medicine, which is mainly composed of traditional Chinese medicines such as Aconiti Radix, Caryophylli Flos, Cinnamomi Cortex, etc. At present, there are enterprises producing black plaster in China, with national drug standards. The drugs include black plaster, Wang Huihui Goupi Gao, musk Goupi Gao, detoxification cream, and whole chicken detoxification cream. Mainly used for diseases caused by wind, cold, dampness, and qi and blood stasis, such as numbness in limbs, pain in the waist and legs, muscle and vein constriction, or injuries caused by falls, flashy waist, and local swelling and pain. Or abdominal pain caused by cold dampness and stasis, abdominal pain during menstruation, cold dampness and accumulation of lumps. The research on black plaster mainly focuses on the improvement of dosage form, content detection, and other aspects, but the structure of black plaster has not been studied deeply. However, the black plaster matrix has high containment, high adhesion, and peeling properties for different drugs, mainly due to its scientific prescription composition, unique preparation technology, and special structure. However, due to the rheology, adhesion, and opaque complex physical state of the black plaster matrix, it is more difficult to observe and study the microstructure.– This paper takes Goupi Gao as the research object and discusses the scientific connotation of the black plaster dosage form. The morphological evaluation of the pretreated Goupi Gao showed that there were peculiar microstructures existed in black plaster. Based on the field emission scanning electron microscope and the Image-Pro-Plus software (FESEM-IPP), a digital image quantification approach for the microstructure of Goupi Gao is developed. The relationship between the action of heat and microstructure, the in vitro release of drugs, and the pharmacodynamics of Goupi Gao on rabbit knee osteoarthritis at different temperatures were also explored.

Introduction:
For thousands of years, black plaster has been utilized as a traditional Chinese medicine dosage form. Black plaster is a dark brown plaster intended for external application to the skin, prepared by refining prepared slices, edible vegetable oil, and red lead oxide. As a skin topical treatment, the black plaster is spread on the backing material. The earliest record of Goupi Gao was in the book “Yang Ke Xuan Cui” in Ming Dynasty. There are broad and narrow definitions regarding Goupi Gao. Broadly speaking, Goupi…

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