Research Article: Predictive Value of GDF- and sST for Pulmonary Hypertension in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Introduction:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has the highest incidence and mortality worldwide, is a frequent, treatable, and preventable chronic respiratory disease characterized by persistent airflow restriction. COPD has become a global epidemic and is the third leading cause of death worldwide and is also an important cause of disability and death in developing countries, and the latest World Health Organization projections on morbidity and mortality indicate that . million people could die annually…
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