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Research Article: COPD Risk Factor Profiles in General Population and Referred Patients: Potential Etiotypes

Date Published: 2023-11-09

Introduction:
Exposure to noxious particles or cigarette smoke has been traditionally regarded as an important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the global, high-burden diseases. Although cigarette smoking is the most important etiology of COPD, several studies have been conducted in never-smoker COPD populations. – In particular, the relationship between COPD and various risk factors not associated with exposure to noxious particles or gases led to a change in the definition of COPD with the…

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