Research Article: Determinants of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Among Adults Patients Attending Debre Berhan University Hakim Gizaw Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: A Case–Control Study

Abstract:
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is an acute disease caused by infection of the lung parenchyma acquired outside the hospital setting., Globally, CAP remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in both industrialized and developing countries. In adult population, the annual incidence of CAP ranges between . and . cases per inhabitants, –% of whom require inpatient care, with a lethality of –%. The mortality rate varies between . and . per persons each year. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) data, pneumonia accounts for .% of deaths that are responsible globally for million deaths annually. In Africa, CAP is associated with an in-hospital mortality of –% among adults, as reported from hospital-based studies. In sub-Saharan Africa, approximately million cases of pneumonia occur annually, resulting in approximately , deaths. In Ethiopia, the estimated incidence of CAP varies among studies, but a study conducted in the Tigray region revealed that the magnitude of CAP in adults is as high as %. Furthermore, when considering the overall burden of the disease, CAP is the second leading cause of death in Ethiopia. Overall, in low-income countries such as Ethiopia, epidemiological data on pneumonia at the population-based level are scarce and are mainly based on hospital registries, with pneumonia being one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in adults.

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