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Research Article: Phenotypic Drug Resistance Pattern and Mutation Characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Different Body Fluids Among Extra Pulmonary Patients Presented in Selected Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Date Published: 2023-08-22

Abstract:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a global public health threat. The problem, which is being exacerbated by antibiotic misuse, is directly or indirectly causing severe and complicated infections, longer periods of hospitalization, and higher mortality rates. Specifically, antibiotic overuse aggravates side effects, increasing the need for medication for even normally self-limiting diseases. Resistance to anti-TB drugs is caused by different clinical, biological, and microbiological factors. Non-adherence of patients to treatment, errors by physicians in the management of disease treatment, and problems with drugs reaching the target site as a result of poor vascularization caused by granulomatous lesions are some of the host-related factors. Intrinsic drug resistance, non-replicating drug-tolerant bacilli residing within granulomas, and mutations in bacterial genes are pathogen-related factors.

Introduction:
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a global public health threat. The problem, which is being exacerbated by antibiotic misuse, is directly or indirectly causing severe and complicated infections, longer periods of hospitalization, and higher mortality rates. Specifically, antibiotic overuse aggravates side effects, increasing the need for medication for even normally self-limiting diseases. Resistance to anti-TB drugs is caused by different clinical, biological, and microbiological factors. Non-adherence…

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