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Research Article: A Single Center Study Investigating Clinical Outcomes of Testing for Multiple Myeloma and Immune Deficiency at Low Globulin Levels

Date Published: 2023-05-30

Abstract:
We investigated the value of low globulin levels in the diagnosis of immune deficiency and multiple myeloma in a routine clinical laboratory. Low globulin levels identified patients with (i) immune deficiency, (ii) multiple myeloma, (iii) iatrogenic secondary immune deficiency (SID), (iv) SID in hematological malignancies and (v) idiopathic hypogammaglobulinemia. Patients with hematological malignancies were more likely to be monitored for SID than those on antiepileptic or immunosuppressant treatment. A subgroup of patients with unexpected hypogammaglobulinemia will benefit from further clinical evaluation.

Introduction:
Calculated globulin (total protein-albumin) is part of the liver function test profile. The main use of calculated globulin is to determine paraprotein concentrations at high levels. There are few studies to investigate the use of globulin values below the reference range to detect both antibody deficiencies or new minor paraproteins associated with hypogammaglobulinemia (immunoparesis) e.g. light chain myeloma or non-secretory multiple myeloma. Both diagnoses are important because of the requirement for medical…

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