Research Article: Cytoplasmic Androgen Receptor, CD Expression and Smoking Intensity to Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Invasiveness: A Cross-Sectional Study
Introduction:
Data from the Global Cancer Observatory (GLOBOCAN) showed that in , there were , new cases and , deaths due to urothelial bladder carcinoma worldwide. In Asia, the incidence is approximately .%; in Indonesia, it is .–. cases per . populations per year. Approximately % of bladder malignancies are non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (NMIBC) that are confined to the mucosa (stage Ta, carcinoma in situ) or submucosa (stage T). Our institution’s data within years showed that, from cases of bladder cancer, cases (%)…
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