Research Article: Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanobubbles Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX for Multimodal Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma
Introduction:
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) originates from renal tubular epithelial cells and is responsible for approximately % of all renal malignancies. , However, due to the deep location of the kidney, the early clinical manifestations of RCC are insidious, and the patients exhibit no obvious symptoms. More than % of patients develop distant metastasis at the time of the initial diagnosis. At present, the diagnosis of RCC mainly relies on imaging examinations, including color Doppler ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT,…
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