Research Article: Proteinase K/Retinoic Acid-Loaded Cationic Liposomes as Multifunctional Anti-Acne Therapy to Disorganize Biofilm and Regulate Keratinocyte Proliferation
Abstract:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory and recurrent skin disorder involved in appendages. The major symptoms of acne include comedones, pustules, papules, and erythema. The sebaceous gland hyperactivity leads to increased sebum secretion, Cutibacterium acnes proliferation, and hyperkeratosis. Acne affects about % of the global population and >% of young adolescents, ranking as the th most prevalent disease. Although not life-threatening, acne produces significant psychological effects of depression, anxiety, and insomnia. The pathogenesis of acne demonstrates that C. acnes colonization activates keratinocytes and sebocytes to induce inflammation, resulting in follicular occlusion and hyperkeratinization. C. acnes, a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is reported to present >% of the skin microbiota in acne patients. Acne vulgaris therapy focuses on the intervention of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory agents. However, the prolonged use of antibiotics causes skin toxicity and drug-resistant C. acnes development. The resistance of C. acnes to antibiotics such as clindamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline has gradually emerged. The American Academy of Dermatology thus recommends the shortest possible times for the use of antibiotics on acne treatment.
Introduction:
Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory and recurrent skin disorder involved in appendages. The major symptoms of acne include comedones, pustules, papules, and erythema. The sebaceous gland hyperactivity leads to increased sebum secretion, Cutibacterium acnes proliferation, and hyperkeratosis. Acne affects about % of the global population and >% of young adolescents, ranking as the th most prevalent disease. Although not life-threatening, acne produces significant psychological effects of depression, anxiety,…
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