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Research Article: CD-Targeted Hybrid Nanovesicles for Fluorescent/Ultrasonic Imaging-Guided HIFU Pancreatic Cancer Therapy

Date Published: 2023-05-12

Abstract:
Pancreatic tumor is one of the most malignant forms of cancer, having a -year survival rate of as low as % in the United States, and causing approximately , deaths worldwide. Pancreatic cancer is thought to be incurable at present, with a high recurrence and metastasis rate in post-operation and with minimal responsiveness to chemotherapy. The mechanism of pancreatic cancer development has not been clarified yet, and some recent studies suggest that a subset of cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be related to tumor recurrence, high lethality, and chemotherapy resistance.– CD, ALDH, and CDCDESA are key molecular biomarkers for identifying pancreatic CSCs, and their glycoprotein expression is used to enrich tumor initiating cells and is closely associated with resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. CD has been used as a marker for stem cells (human hematopoietic stem cell, endothelial precursor cells, prostate epithelial stem cells). It was the first well-characterized CSC surface marker and later identified as a CSCs marker in breast CSCs, colon CSCs,, hepatic CSCs,, prostate CSCs and brain CSCs., It was the first identified CSCs marker in pancreatic cancer. CD is associated with pancreatic cancer initiating and recurring activity. Herman detected that as few as CD+ isolated pancreatic cancer cells were capable of developing orthotopic pancreatic tumor formation in nude mice. Emerging CSCs-targeting nanovesicles may be an efficient tool for tracing and eliminating CSCs. CD targeted anticancer drug has been developed for breast cancer, hepatic cancer,–prostate cancer and glioma., The above study confirmed that CD targeted treatment improves the cancer diagnosis and therapy efficiency. However, the CD targeted specific nanovesicles study for pancreatic cancer is absent. Our study aimed to develop CD targeted nanovesicles and explored the combined therapy efficiency.

Introduction:
Pancreatic tumor is one of the most malignant forms of cancer, having a -year survival rate of as low as % in the United States, and causing approximately , deaths worldwide. Pancreatic cancer is thought to be incurable at present, with a high recurrence and metastasis rate in post-operation and with minimal responsiveness to chemotherapy. The mechanism of pancreatic cancer development has not been clarified yet, and some recent studies suggest that a subset of cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs) may be…

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