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Research Article: Mucus-Permeable Sonodynamic Therapy Mediated Amphotericin B-Loaded PEGylated PLGA Nanoparticles Enable Eradication of Candida albicans Biofilm

Date Published: 2023-12-27

Abstract:
Candida albicans (C. albicans), a member of the mucosal flora of healthy people, is the most prevalent fungal pathogen in humans causing superficial mucosal fungal infection. Among them, the most typical and common colonization of C. albicans is vaginal mucosa and oral mucosa, resulting in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), the most common forms of mucosal candidiasis., A critical step toward fungal infection in superficial mucosa is the adhesion of C. albicans to mucosal epithelial cells and then inducing hyphal morphogenesis (transition between single-celled yeast cells to filamentous growth forms) and the expression of destructive secretases, such as aspartyl proteases and phospholipases, in the formation process. Biofilms are microbial communities that attach to the surface of mucosa or biological materials embedded in a self-produced extracellular polymeric substance (EPS; major sugars, and proteins), which is a barrier structure with a self-protection function to evade the immune function of the host and prevent permeation of antibiotics. Moreover, biofilms have been verified to be closely associated with treatment failure and infection recurrence in mucosal-related C. albicans infections such as recurrent VVC.–

Introduction:
Candida albicans ( C. albicans ), a member of the mucosal flora of healthy people, is the most prevalent fungal pathogen in humans causing superficial mucosal fungal infection. Among them, the most typical and common colonization of C. albicans is vaginal mucosa and oral mucosa, resulting in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC), the most common forms of mucosal candidiasis. , A critical step toward fungal infection in superficial mucosa is the adhesion of C. albicans to mucosal…

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