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Research Article: Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as a Predictor in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Heart Failure

Date Published: 2023-08-18

Introduction:
Heart failure (HF) is the fastest growing cardiovascular disease worldwide, resulting in severe disease burden. Heart failure represents the end stage of various heart diseases, among which ischemic heart disease caused by coronary artery disease is the most common cause of heart failure. Heart failure is a condition in which the heart fails to supply blood and oxygen in the amount required by the body. The decrease in cardiac output leads to the development of heart failure. , The management of HF has improved…

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