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Research Article: Tuo-Min-Ding-Chuan Decoction Alleviates Airway Inflammations in the Allergic Asthmatic Mice Model by Regulating TLR-NLRP Pathway-Mediated Pyroptosis: A Network Pharmacology and Experimental Verification Study

Date Published: 2023-06-02

Abstract:
Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disease characterized by chronic airway inflammations. Epidemiological data show that asthma has a high incidence all over the world, with nearly million patients worldwide and . million adult patients in China., Recurrent asthma attacks not only seriously reduce the quality of life of asthmatic patients but also bring serious medical burdens to the world. Usually, the phenotypes of bronchial asthma are classified into early-onset AA, late-onset persistent eosinophilic asthma, exercise-induced asthma, obesity-related asthma, neutrophilic asthma, smoking asthma, etc. AA accounts for more than % of the adult asthma patients and % of the childhood patients. The pathogenesis of AA is complex; previous studies hold the view that the adaptive immune system mainly participates in the dysregulation of allergy and induces airway inflammations, which is the basis of AHR and airway remodeling. The activation of type helper T cell (Th), the crucial player in humans’ adaptive immune responses, brings releases of type inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-, IL-, and IL-. Nevertheless, recognition of environment antigens by innate immune cells should not be ignored for the activation of adaptive immune responses, which play a key role in priming naive T cells and generating adaptive immunities. Following recent studies, we know that the primary means of inducing innate immune responses were associated with ligations and activations of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). As important representatives of PRRs family, TLR and NLRP could identify pathogens or allergens by engaging damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Meanwhile, activations of TLR and NLRP contribute to the development of chronic inflammation-mediated complicated diseases and lead to pyroptosis, the latter is a lytic cell death induced by pathogen infection or endogenous challenge.– Typically, pyroptosis occurred in severe asthma with the characteristic of neutrophil infiltrations, while recent studies also reported pyroptosis was found in classical eosinophilic allergic asthma., Given pyroptosis was an important part of innate immune activation-induced inflammation, which was the key mechanism of asthma attacks, it was necessary to conduct research between TLR-NLRP pathway-mediated pyroptosis and allergic asthma.

Introduction:
Bronchial asthma is a common respiratory disease characterized by chronic airway inflammations. Epidemiological data show that asthma has a high incidence all over the world, with nearly million patients worldwide and . million adult patients in China. , Recurrent asthma attacks not only seriously reduce the quality of life of asthmatic patients but also bring serious medical burdens to the world. Usually, the phenotypes of bronchial asthma are classified into early-onset AA, late-onset persistent eosinophilic…

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