Research Article: Irisin Ameliorates Renal Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis by Regulating the Smad/?-Catenin Pathway in Diabetic Mice
Abstract:
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), also known as diabetic nephropathy, is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes and one of the key factors leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to the global prevalence of DKD, it has brought huge economic burden and serious health damage to human beings. The lesions of DKD mainly involve widening of mesangial matrix, glomerulosclerosis, loss of podocytes, tubular atrophy, apoptosis, renal inflammatory infiltration, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). TIF is characterized by extracellular matrix accumulation, and its main components are collagen and fibronectin. Several studies have reported that inflammation, fibroblast activation, microvascular sparseness, hyperglycemia, hypertension, immunity, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) deposition, dyslipidemia, and Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are involved in the process of TIF.– Recent researches have demonstrated that the development of TIF is mostly influenced by EMT, which is defined by the loss of epithelial phenotype and the acquisition of interstitial cell features.– Therefore, reversing EMT may further slowdown the process of TIF.
Introduction:
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), also known as diabetic nephropathy, is one of the serious microvascular complications of diabetes and one of the key factors leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Due to the global prevalence of DKD, it has brought huge economic burden and serious health damage to human beings. The lesions of DKD mainly involve widening of mesangial matrix, glomerulosclerosis, loss of podocytes, tubular atrophy, apoptosis, renal inflammatory infiltration, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF).…
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