Research Article: PD-L is Fascinating but IDO Needs Attention in Non-HCV and Non-HBV-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients
Introduction:
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the liver and is becoming the leading cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity worldwide. It continues to be a global public health and economic burden, with a projected peak incidence of more than million deaths by . The incidence rate of HCC is growing worldwide, including in Pakistan. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections primarily contribute to HCC development and its progression. HCV and HBV account…
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