Research Article: Drug Repositioning of Metformin Encapsulated in PLGA Combined with Photothermal Therapy Ameliorates Rheumatoid Arthritis
Introduction:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a chronic autoimmune disease, impacts millions of individuals globally, leading to cartilage deterioration, bone damage, and severe joint pain. Although the root cause of RA remains elusive, the progression of RA can best be explained as an interplay of multiple inflammatory cascades. , A major inflammatory event includes the overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-? and IL-, which triggers synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Macrophages are the most prominent…
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