Research Article: Use of Novel Open-Source Deep Learning Platform for Quantification of Ki- in Neuroendocrine Tumors – Analytical Validation
Abstract:
Ki- is a widely used biomarker for quantifying cellular proliferation in tumors, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The Ki- index is calculated by dividing the number of Ki- positive cells by the total number of cells evaluated in a tissue sample. A higher Ki- index indicates a higher rate of cellular proliferation and is associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. In NETs, Ki- quantification is used to help determine the tumor grade and prognosis as well as to monitor response to treatment. However, it is important to note that Ki- is not specific for NETs and its expression can be influenced by other factors such as the stage of the cell cycle. Therefore, Ki- should be interpreted in the context of other clinical and pathological features. Artificial intelligence (AI) can be used to support the detection and quantification of Ki- in NETs. This can be done using a variety of techniques such as deep learning algorithms, computer vision and image analysis. Deep learning is a type of AI that has shown promise in the diagnosis and prognostication of NETs.– Deep learning (also known as deep structured learning) is a subfield of machine learning based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) in which the statistic models are established from input training data. Deep learning algorithms can be trained on large amounts of medical imaging data to accurately identify and quantify Ki- positive cells in tissue samples using digital pathology images. The use of AI in Ki- detection has the potential to improve the accuracy and consistency of Ki- quantification, as well as reduce inter-observer variability. Additionally, AI can also reduce the time and resources required for manual Ki- quantification, allowing for a faster and more efficient evaluation of large numbers of tissue samples. Deep learning algorithms can also be used to predict patient outcomes and treatment response, by analyzing imaging and clinical data to identify predictive features associated with disease progression and survival. This can enable the development of personalized treatment plans for patients. However, it is important to note that deep learning algorithms in NET analysis are still in the stage of development and require validation. Also, comparison of AI-based Ki- quantification to traditional manual methods is needed to ensure its accuracy and reliability.–
Introduction:
Ki- is a widely used biomarker for quantifying cellular proliferation in tumors, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The Ki- index is calculated by dividing the number of Ki- positive cells by the total number of cells evaluated in a tissue sample. A higher Ki- index indicates a higher rate of cellular proliferation and is associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. In NETs, Ki- quantification is used to help determine the tumor grade and prognosis as well as to monitor response to treatment. However,…
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