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Research Article: Cross-sectional study examining household factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity in low-income children in Los Angeles

Date Published: 2023-05-31

Abstract:
Objectives This study aims to quantify the degree to which an underserved, Hispanic population in Los Angeles is impacted by SARS-CoV-2, and determine factors associated with paediatric seropositivity. Design Cross-sectional. Setting AltaMed, a Federally Qualified Health Center in Los Angeles. Participants A random sample of households who had received healthcare at AltaMed Medical Group was invited to participate. Households with at least one adult and one paediatric participant between 5 and 17 years of age were eligible to participate. Consented participants completed a survey on social determinants of health and were tested for antibodies using Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2-IgG and SARS-CoV-2-IgM tests. Primary outcome measure Seropositive status. Results We analysed 390 adults (mean age in years, 38.98 (SD 12.11)) and 332 paediatric participants (11.26 (SD 3.51)) from 196 households. Estimated seropositivity was 52.11% (95% CI 49.61% to 55.19%) in paediatric participants and 63.58% (95% CI 60.39% to 65.24%) in adults. Seropositivity was 11.47% (95% CI 6.82% to 14.09%) lower in paediatric participants, but high relative to other populations. A household member with type 2 diabetes (OR 2.94 (95% CI 1.68 to 5.14)), receipt of food stamps (OR 1.66 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.56)) and lower head-of-household education (OR 1.73 (95% CI 1.06 to 2.84)) were associated with paediatric seropositivity. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity is high in Hispanic children and adolescents in Los Angeles. Food insecure households with low head-of-household education, and at least one household member with type 2 diabetes, had the highest risk. These factors may inform paediatrician COVID-19 mitigation recommendations. Trial registration number NCT04901624 .

Introduction:
Children and adolescents living in disadvantaged households faced special challenges during the pandemic. 1 They had fewer educational resources during school closures. 2 They and their family members often resided in crowded living environments and had poor access to healthcare. 3 Additionally, their parents and grandparents became infected and died from COVID-19 at a higher rate than other populations. 4 5 Given these circumstances, knowledge of COVID-19 risk factors for these youths is especially important.…

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