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Research Article: A hypothesis - generating Swedish extended national cross-sectional family study of multimorbidity severity and venous thromboembolism

Date Published: 2023-06-16

Abstract:
Objectives Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common worldwide disease. The burden of multimorbidity, that is, two or more chronic diseases, has increased. Whether multimorbidity is associated with VTE risk remains to be studied. Our aim was to determine any association between multimorbidity and VTE and any possible shared familial susceptibility. Design A nationwide extended cross-sectional hypothesis - generating family study between 1997 and 2015. Setting The Swedish Multigeneration Register, the National Patient Register, the Total Population Register and the Swedish cause of death register were linked. Participants 2?694?442 unique individuals were analysed for VTE and multimorbidity. Main outcomes and measures Multimorbidity was determined by a counting method using 45 non-communicable diseases. Multimorbidity was defined by the occurrence of ?2 diseases. A multimorbidity score was constructed defined by 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 or more diseases. Results Sixteen percent (n=440?742) of the study population was multimorbid. Of the multimorbid patients, 58% were females. There was an association between multimorbidity and VTE. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for VTE in individuals with multimorbidity (2 ? diagnoses) was 3.16 (95% CI: 3.06 to 3.27) compared with individuals without multimorbidity. There was an association between number of diseases and VTE. The adjusted OR was 1.94 (95% CI: 1.86 to 2.02) for one disease, 2.93 (95% CI: 2.80 to 3.08) for two diseases, 4.07 (95% CI: 3.85 to 4.31) for three diseases, 5.46 (95% CI: 5.10 to 5.85) for four diseases and 9.08 (95% CI: 8.56 to 9.64) for 5 ? diseases. The association between multimorbidity and VTE was stronger in males OR 3.45 (3.29 to 3.62) than in females OR 2.91 (2.77 to 3.04). There were significant but mostly weak familial associations between multimorbidity in relatives and VTE. Conclusions Increasing multimorbidity exhibits a strong and increasing association with VTE. Familial associations suggest a weak shared familial susceptibility. The association between multimorbidity and VTE suggests that future cohort studies where multimorbidity is used to predict VTE might be worthwhile.

Introduction:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cardiovascular disease with an incidence of around 1–3 per 1000 individuals. 1–4 The incidence rate increases with age. VTE is rare among children with an incidence of approximately 1 per 100?000 and common among elderly people >70 years and above with an incidence of around 1% per year. 5 The lifetime risk of VTE could be up to 10% in certain countries, for instance in Sweden. 3 4 VTE usually manifests as deep venous thrombosis (DVT) of the lower…

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