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Research Article: Nationwide analysis of the impact of COVID-19 in patients with a cardiovascular, oncological or chronic pulmonary disease in the context of an Eastern European country with a low vaccination rate, Bulgaria: March 2020–April 2022

Date Published: 2023-08-02

Abstract:
Objective This study focused on Bulgarian patient cohorts harbouring a single documented chronic comorbidity–cardiovascular pathology, an oncological disease or a chronic pulmonary diseases (CPD) comparing the outcomes in fully vaccinated and non-vaccinated populations classified by sex and age groups in ambulatory, hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) settings at the national level. Design Retrospective analysis Settings, participants and outcome measures In total, 1 126 946 patients with confirmed COVID-19, on a national level, were retrospectively analysed between March 2020 and April 2022, using data from the Ministry of Health’s United Information Portal, launched in March 2020. Results Of all the confirmed 247?441 hospitalised cases of COVID-19, 67?723 (27.3%) had documented cardiovascular disease (CVD), 2140 (0.9%) had confirmed solid malignancy (regardless of stage) and 3243 (1.3%) had established CPD as their only chronic pathology. The number of cumulative deaths in each subgroup was 10?165 (in-hospital=5812?and ICU=4353); 4.0% vaccinated (410/10 165, p<0.001), 344 (in-hospital=196?and ICU=148), 4.9% vaccinated (17/344, p<0.001), 494 (in-hospital=287?and ICU=207) and 5.2% vaccinated (26/494, p<0.001), respectively. Statistical significance (p<0.001) was obtained in favour of reduced ambulatory, hospitalisation and both in-hospital and ICU-related mortality in the vaccinated cohorts, and BNT162b2 was the most effective at preventing mortality in all age groups. Conclusions This retrospective analysis shows that patients vaccinated against COVID-19 demonstrated trends of reduced hospitalisations and premature mortality in patients with CVD, solid malignancy or CPD as a single comorbidity.

Introduction:
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 took everyone by surprise, despite warnings highlighting the importance of developing programmes involved in pathogen discovery in emerging disease hotspots, in addition to increasing health promotion for key modifiable risk factors as a strategy for pandemic preparedness. 1 Unfortunately, because almost no such measures were taken globally, the pandemic led to countless unnecessary and premature deaths. 2 3 Unfortunately, Bulgaria was among the leading countries with regard to…

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