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Research Article: Is socioeconomic deprivation associated with worse quality of life, anxiety and depression in liver transplant recipients? A cross-sectional study in a national transplantation programme

Date Published: 2023-08-09

Abstract:
Objective To identify whether socioeconomic deprivation is associated with worse health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), anxiety and depression following liver transplantation. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting and participants Liver transplant recipients within a national transplantation programme. Methods Participants completed the condition-specific ‘Short Form of Liver Disease Quality of Life’ Questionnaire, the Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) Questionnaire and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The aggregate HR-QoL Score (range 0–100) was derived, and multivariable linear regression was performed based on sociodemographic and clinical variables to estimate its independent association with Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) quintiles. The GAD-7 Questionnaire and PHQ-9 were used to screen respondents for anxiety and depression, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to estimate their independent association with SIMD quintiles. Results Some 331 patients completed the questionnaires. Quintiles were equally distributed in the cohort, with no significant differences observed in underlying patient characteristics. Following multivariable adjustment, greater socioeconomic deprivation was associated with lower post-transplantation HR-QoL scores, with a difference of 9.7 points (95% CI: 4.6 to 14.9, p<0.001) between the most and least deprived quintiles. Recipients living in areas of least deprivation were less likely to suffer from anxiety (OR 0.05, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.28, p=0.003) or depression (OR 0.13, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.56, p=0.009). Conclusion Despite the highly selected nature of liver transplant recipients, those living in the most deprived areas have a significantly lower HR-QoL and are more likely to suffer from anxiety and depression.

Introduction:
Liver transplantation (LT) is the only curative treatment for end?stage liver disease. Over the course of the last 50 years, advances in operative technique, immunosuppressive therapy and postoperative management have transformed LT from an experimental procedure to a standard treatment, with 1-year and 5-year survival rates in the UK currently exceeding 90% and 80%, respectively. 1 2 More recently, efforts have focused on exploring the impact of LT on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). 3 4 Studies have…

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