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Research Article: Goal-directed versus outcome-based financial incentives for smoking cessation among low-income, hospitalised patients: rationale and design of the Financial Incentives for Smoking Treatment II (FIESTA II) randomised controlled trial

Date Published: 2023-09-29

Abstract:
Introduction Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death in the USA. Low utilisation of treatments for smoking cessation remains a major barrier for reducing smoking rates. Financial incentives represent an innovative approach to increasing use of therapies for smoking cessation. This paper will describe the rationale and design of the Financial Incentives for Smoking Treatment II (FIESTA II) study, a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of goal-directed and outcome-based financial incentives to promote smoking cessation among hospitalised smokers. Methods and analysis We are recruiting adult participants who smoked tobacco in the 30 days prior to initial interview and are contemplating quitting smoking. These participants will come from two hospitals in underserved communities in New York City and Los Angeles. They will be randomised into one of three arms. The first arm consists of goal-directed financial incentives plus enhanced usual care, which includes hospital-directed information about quitting smoking, nicotine replacement therapy and referral to a Quitline. The second arm involves outcome-based financial incentives plus enhanced usual care. The third arm consists of enhanced usual care alone. Multiple phone interviews with the participants will be completed after randomisation to assess smoking cessation. Participants will earn $20 for each follow-up interview completed and $30 for each smoking cessation test completed. Those who are randomised to the financial incentive groups can earn an additional $700. The participants in the outcome-based group will receive payments solely for exhibiting cessation, whereas the participants in the goal-based group are also eligible for receiving payments after meeting milestones such as speaking with a helpline coach. Ethics Human research protection committees at New York University School of Medicine and the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) David Geffen School of Medicine granted ethics approval. Protocol number: IRB#19-000?084. Trial registration number NCT03979885 .

Introduction:
Smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death and disease in the USA, and each year, more than 480?000 people die prematurely from smoking or second-hand smoke exposure. 1 The burden of smoking also exacerbates health disparities, as smokers have lower educational levels and incomes compared with non-smokers. 2 Because of smoking’s enormous public health impact, the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends universal and routine tobacco screening for all patients treated in…

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