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Research Article: Changing trends of the diseases burden attributable to high BMI in Asia from 1990 to 2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019

Date Published: 2023-10-21

Abstract:
Objective To analyse the trends of diseases burden attributed to high body mass index (BMI), including overweight and obesity, in Asia from 1990 to 2019. Design Observational study. Setting The data of 45 countries and regions in Asia were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 database. Main outcome measures Numbers, age-standardised rate (ASR) of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and the corresponding estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs), attributable to high BMI in Asia from 1990 to 2019, were analysed by regions, genders and age. We also analysed changes in the causes of deaths and DALYs that are attributable to high BMI over this period. Results In 2019, all causes deaths attributable to high BMI in Asia were 2 329 503, with increases by 265% compared with 1990. Over three decades, DALYs related to high BMI have increased by 268%. The ASRs of deaths and DALYs in Asia both showed continuous upward trends during this period (EAPC 1.39; 95% certainty interval [95% CI] 1.35 to 1.43 for deaths; EAPC 1.8; 95% CI 1.76 to 1.84 for DALYs), while both were declined in high-income areas (EAPC ?2.03 and ?1.26). By geographical regions, disease burden in Central Asia and West Asia have been fluctuating at high levels, but high-income Asia Pacific showed decreasing trends of ASR of deaths (EAPC ?2.03) and DALYs (EAPC ?1.26). Over this period, disease burden in Asia was changing from women to men, and tends to ageing. In addition, diabetes were the diseases most affected by high BMI, and cancer burden was high in middle-aged and elderly people. Conclusions The disease burden attributed to high BMI in Asia has experienced great changes. It is necessary to promote the prevention of obesity and chronic diseases in a comprehensive manner, especially in low-income areas, men and elderly.

Introduction:
With the increasing prevalence of obesity, it has become a worldwide health issue. 1 In accordance with the standards of the WHO, obesity and overweight were estimated based on body mass index (BMI). Adults over 20 years of age with BMI between 25 kg/m 2 and 30 kg/m 2 were defined as overweight, and those with BMI over 30 kg/m 2 were defined as obesity. 2 In 2020, about 2.6?billion people worldwide were overweight of obese, accounting for about 38% of the world’s population and is expected to reach 51% by 2035,…

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