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Research Article: Interventions for treating umbilical granuloma: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Date Published: 2023-10-24

Abstract:
Introduction The most frequent umbilical abnormality in infancy period is umbilical granuloma. Although umbilical granuloma treatment with silver nitrate is practised worldwide, silver nitrate cauterisation is high in cost and if silver nitrate comes into contact with healthy tissues, it might cause injury. This systematic review aims to look for evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of all interventions for treating umbilical granuloma in neonates. Methods and analysis Individual and cluster randomised controlled trials will be included in our study. The direct comparisons between two of any interventions for treating umbilical granuloma, including silver nitrate cauterisation, dry care, common salt, alcoholic wipes, topical doxycycline, topical steroid ointment, ligatures, cryosurgery, electrocautery, surgical excision and no intervention will be investigated. Primary outcomes will be the healing rate after 2?weeks of treatment and the incidence of cord-related adverse events. We will search CENTRAL, Embase and MEDLINE. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not applicable in this study since we will retrieve and analyse data from previous published studies. The results of this systematic review are expected to be published in a scientific journal and presented at medical conferences. PROSPERO registration number CRD42022369915.

Introduction:
Umbilical granuloma (UG) is one of the most common umbilical abnormalities in the infancy period with a prevalence estimated at in 500 newborn infants. With a careful medical history and physical examination, most UG can be easily diagnosed. The granulation tissue near the umbilicus is usually pink, soft, composed of fibroblasts and capillaries, with a diameter of 3–10?mm in size, and may secrete seropurulent fluid. 1 Within 1–2?weeks after birth, the umbilical chord stump normally dries and separates. 2 On the…

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