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Research Article: Cohort profile update: the Norwegian STORK Groruddalen (STORK G) pregnancy and birth cohort—the role of ethnicity and causal pathways for obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other health issues

Date Published: 2023-10-29

Abstract:
Purpose The STORK Groruddalen cohort was set up in 2008 to explore ethnic differences in: (1) maternal health , primarily gestational diabetes (GDM) and related health issues during pregnancy and post partum, and effects of exposures on risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and other health issues, and (2) offspring’s growth and body composition , overweight/obesity and effects of early life exposures. Participants 823?women (74% of invited) were followed from gestational week (GW) 15. Data were collected from 618 fathers. In total, 59% of women and 53% of fathers had origin from non-Western countries. Maternal mean age was 29.9 years (SD 4.9), and body mass index (BMI) 25.3 kg/m 2 (4.9). Data were obtained from 772?women (94%) at GW 28, and 662?women (80%) 14 weeks post partum. Eleven years post partum, 385?women (53% of eligible/47% of original cohort) attended, age was 42.0 years (4.8) and BMI 27.1 kg/m 2 (5.1). We have data for 783 children at birth, and for 586 at last time point, mean age 8.6 (0.5) years, weight 30.7 (6.8) kg and length 133.9 (6.3) cm. Findings to date We collected questionnaire data from parents, clinical measurements and blood samples from mothers, and data on children’s growth (mid-pregnancy to 8?years). Our biobank includes maternal blood and urine samples, biopsy material from placentas and umbilical venous cord blood. We found several clinically important differences in maternal health , with higher risk in ethnic minority groups for GDM, insulin resistance, vitamin D and iron deficiency, depressive symptoms and physical inactivity. Contrasting patterns of fetal growth and risk of overweight/thinness at preschool age were observed across ethnic groups. Maternal GDM, obesity and high gestational weight gain were associated with children’s BMI trajectories. Future plans We will examine the impact of maternal and fetal health and development during pregnancy on long-term outcomes for mothers and offspring. Trial registration number Project title STORK G-2: Women and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes NCT03870724 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Introduction:
Although most multifactorial chronic diseases involve gene–environment interactions, research into the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease has highlighted that early life exposures may have a large impact on later risk of non-communicable diseases. 1 2 The preconceptional and the intrauterine environment, mediated through lifestyle factors and the metabolic and endocrine status of the mother and by the placenta, 3 may induce long-term effects on phenotypic characteristics of the offspring by epigenetic…

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