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Research Article: Early environmental risk factors and coeliac disease in adolescents: a population-based cohort study in Denmark

Date Published: 2023-11-27

Abstract:
Objectives Our aim was to investigate the association between early environmental factors and the development of coeliac disease (CeD) in adolescents, recruited from a cohort nested in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC). Design The study was designed as a prospective cohort study, nested in DNBC Participants The Glutenfunen cohort comprises 1266 participants, nested in DNBC. All participants were screened for CeD, and in total, 28 cases of biopsy proven CeD were identified. Data about breastfeeding, timing of introduction to solid food in infancy, use of antibiotics, infections and symptoms were parentally reported prospectively at 6 months and 18 months, respectively. We estimated ORs and 95% CIs of CeD in adolescents using logistic regression analysis. Results Viral croup reported at 18 months of age was associated with CeD in adolescents with an OR of 3.2 (95% CI: 1.2 to 8.7). Furthermore, otitis media also reported at 18 months of age was linked with CeD with an OR of 3.2 (95% CI: 1.5 to 7.3). We were not able to find any statistical associations between CeD and breastfeeding, frequency of infections, parentally reported use of antibiotic and timing of solid foods. Conclusion In this study, we present an overview of the relationship between early environmental factors and occurrence of CeD in adolescents. Our findings, despite limitations due to a limited number of cases of CeD, suggest a role of viral infections in the pathogenesis of CeD

Introduction:
Coeliac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disease affecting the small intestine. It is unique due to the offending antigen ‘gluten’ is known, 1 and thus CeD can act as a model for other autoimmune diseases. 2 CeD as well as other autoimmune diseases are genetically dependent due to tight coupling to human leucocyte antigens (HLA) molecules HLA DQ2 or DQ8, 3 but only a 3%–5% of the individuals harbouring this genetic risk develop CeD. 4 Several studies have demonstrated that the incidence of autoimmune diseases,…

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