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Research Article: Differentiating Alzheimer’s disease from mild cognitive impairment: a quick screening tool based on machine learning

Date Published: 2023-12-09

Abstract:
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cognitive decline, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) and impairment of activities of daily living (ADL). Early differentiation of AD from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is necessary. Methods A total of 458 patients newly diagnosed with AD and MCI were included. Eleven batteries were used to evaluate ADL, BPSD and cognitive function (ABC). Machine learning approaches including XGboost, classification and regression tree, Bayes, support vector machines and logical regression were used to build and verify the new tool. Results The Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) word recognition task showed the best importance in judging AD and MCI, followed by correct numbers of auditory verbal learning test delay recall and ADAS-cog orientation. We also provided a selected ABC-Scale that covered ADL, BPSD and cognitive function with an estimated completion time of 18?min. The sensitivity was improved in the four models. Conclusion The quick screen ABC-Scale covers three dimensions of ADL, BPSD and cognitive function with good efficiency in differentiating AD from MCI.

Introduction:
The world’s population is ageing at an unprecedented rate. The population aged over 60 is estimated to rise to 2?billion by 2050, with two-thirds living in low-income and middle-income countries. 1 A large proportion of the elderly will suffer from normal and pathological memory loss. 2 Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a progressive cognitive decline, accompanied by behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), and patients will eventually lose the ability to…

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