Research Article: Cost-effectiveness analysis of probiotic peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT) versus placebo in Australian children with peanut allergy alongside a randomised trial
Abstract:
Objective To compared the cost-effectiveness of coadministration of a probiotic adjuvant with peanut oral immunotherapy (PPOIT) with placebo (no treatment) in children with peanut allergy. Design Prospectively planned cost-effectiveness analysis alongside a randomised control trial. Setting The Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia. Participants 56 children with peanut allergy aged 1–10 years at recruitment. Intervention A daily dose of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCC 1.3724 (NCC4007) and peanut oral immunotherapy administered for 1.5 years. Main outcomes measures Costs were considered from a healthcare system perspective and included costs of treatment delivery and adverse events. Effectiveness outcomes included rate of sustained unresponsiveness (SU) and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The cost-effectiveness of PPOIT versus placebo was analysed using patient-level data. Time horizon was 10 years from commencement of PPOIT treatment, comprising 1.5 years of treatment (actual data), 4 years of post-treatment follow-up (actual data), and 4.5 years of extrapolation thereafter (modelling). Results Healthcare cost per patient over 10 years was higher for PPOIT compared with placebo ($A9355 vs $A1031, p<0.001). Over half of the per patient healthcare cost (53%) in the PPOIT group was attributable to treatment delivery, while the remaining cost was attributable to adverse events. Both measures of effectiveness were superior in the PPOIT group: the average SU rate over 10 years was 54% for PPOIT versus 6% for placebo (p<0.001); QALYs over 10 years were 9.05 for PPOIT versus 8.63 for placebo (p<0.001). Overall, cost per year of SU achieved was $A1694 (range $A1678, $A1709) for PPOIT compared with placebo, and cost per additional QALY gained was $A19?386 (range $A19 024, $A19 774). Conclusions Cost per QALY gained using PPOIT compared with no treatment is approximately $A20?000 (£10 000) and is well below the conventional value judgement threshold of $A50?000 (£25 000) per QALY gained, thus deemed good value for money ($A1= £0.5 approximately). Trial registration number Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12608000594325; Post-results.
Introduction:
Prevalence of peanut allergy has been increasing in the past two to three decades, 1 with approximately 1.4%–4.5% of children and adolescents affected in developed countries using stringent diagnostic criteria. 2–5 In the absence of a cure, management centres on allergen avoidance and treating acute reactions following accidental exposure. Accidental reactions are common, although most are mild and fatality is rare. 6–8 The constant vigilance and lifestyle restrictions together with the unpredictability of…
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