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Research Article: Analysis of Antibiotic Exposure and Development of Acute Graft-vs-Host Disease Following Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Date Published: 2023-06-07

Abstract:
Importance  Certain antibiotic exposures have been associated with increased rates of acute graft-vs-host disease (aGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Since antibiotic exposure can both affect and be affected by infections, analyzing time-dependent exposure in the presence of multiple potential confounders, including prior antibiotic exposures, poses specific analytical challenges, necessitating both a large sample size and unique approaches. Objective  To identify antibiotics and antibiotic exposure timeframes associated with subsequent aGVHD. Design, Setting, and Participants  This cohort study assessed allo-HCT at a single center from 2010 to 2021. Participants included all patients aged at least 18 years who underwent their first T-replete allo-HCT, with at least 6 months of follow-up. Data were analyzed from August 1 to December 15, 2022. Exposures  Antibiotics between 7 days before and 30 days after transplant.

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