Research Article: Sex bias in immune response: it is time to include the sex variable in studies of autoimmune rheumatic diseases
Introduction:
For years, it has been acknowledged that females and males differ in their immune responses. For instance, antibody responses to influenza vaccine are much stronger in women than men [1]. This comes at a price. Women are more susceptible to autoimmune diseases. Nine out of 10 individuals who develop systemic sclerosis (SSc), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), or Sjogren’s syndrome (SjS) syndrome are women [2,3,4]. In a large and longitudinal study of patients with type I diabetes mellitus in USA the prevalence of…
Read more