Research Article: Cardiovascular Events According to Inhaler Therapy and Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Abstract:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health issue with increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality., COPD coexists with many concurrent co-morbidities, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, depression, and lung cancer.– Cardiovascular complications are deemed to be major causes of death in COPD.– The development of cardiovascular comorbidities in COPD is explained by several mechanisms, including lung hyperinflation, hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and exacerbations.,
Introduction:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global health issue with increasing prevalence, morbidity, and mortality. , COPD coexists with many concurrent co-morbidities, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, chronic heart failure, osteoporosis, muscle weakness, depression, and lung cancer. – Cardiovascular complications are deemed to be major causes of death in COPD. – The development of cardiovascular comorbidities in COPD is explained by several mechanisms, including lung hyperinflation,…
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