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Research Article: The Clinical Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia

Date Published: 2024-01-09

Abstract:
P. jirovecii is a common fungal pathogen that commonly causes opportunistic lung infections in individuals with impaired immune systems. PJP was initially considered a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related disease associated with the organism’s T-cell immunity. The incidence of PJP among HIV patients has gradually declined due to the implementation of highly effective antiretroviral therapy and chemoprophylaxis for HIV, especially in countries and regions where routine HIV testing and timely treatment are available., Meanwhile, the prevalence of PJP has increased in non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) groups with a combination of immunocompromise, owing to the growing proportion of immunosuppressive drugs and corticosteroids applied in clinical practice and the parallel increase in transplant patients with advances in medical technology. Concerningly, patients with non-AIDS combined with immunocompromised PJP usually have a poor prognosis as a result of their severe symptoms, acute disease course, and rapid progression. Furthermore, the mortality rate increases as well. Hematologic tumours, autoimmune disorders, and taking corticosteroids or immunosuppressants for a long time are risk factors for PJP. Fever, a dry cough, hypoxemia, and dyspnea are the typical clinical symptoms of PJP. Diffuse ground glass shadows are considered the characteristic images of the lungs in PJP patients, with changes such as cysts, solids, nodules, and spontaneous pneumothorax followed by others. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is currently the preferred first-line prophylactic and therapeutic regimen.

Introduction:
P. jirovecii is a common fungal pathogen that commonly causes opportunistic lung infections in individuals with impaired immune systems. PJP was initially considered a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related disease associated with the organism’s T-cell immunity. The incidence of PJP among HIV patients has gradually declined due to the implementation of highly effective antiretroviral therapy and chemoprophylaxis for HIV, especially in countries and regions where routine HIV testing and timely treatment are…

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