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Research Article: Factors of Hospital Ethical Climate among Hospital Nurses in Korea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Date Published: 2024-02-01

Abstract:
In the current healthcare landscape, nurses frequently encounter various ethical dilemmas, necessitating situation-specific ethical judgments. It is crucial to thoroughly understand the factors that shape the hospital ethical climate and the elements that are influenced by this climate. This study aims to identify the variables associated with the hospital ethical climate perceived by Korean nurses. A literature search was conducted using the core database, and the effect sizes of relevant variables were analyzed using a comprehensive meta-analysis. The overall effect size analysis incorporated 56 variables, and a meta-analysis was performed on 7 variables. This study found correlations between ethical sensitivity (ESr = 0.48), moral distress (ESr = ?0.30), empathy (ESr = 0.27), ethical leadership (ESr = 0.72), job satisfaction (ESr = 0.64), and intention to leave (ESr = ?0.34) with the hospital ethical climate. Both personal and organizational attributes were moderately related to the hospital ethical climate. Enhancing the hospital ethical climate could positively affect both individuals and the organization. The protocol for this study has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022379812).

Introduction:
Nurses often face complex and diverse ethical dilemmas, such as the commercialization and competition of medical care, organ donation, and life-sustaining treatment, requiring them to make ethical judgments [1]. Given nurses’ concern over ethical decisions and actions, the nursing community has developed a keen interest in the ethical climate or work environment [1]. It is known that an individual’s ethical behavior is more strongly influenced by the organizational system than by the individual knowledge of each…

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