Research Article: Preoperative Risk Factors for Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Abstract:
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) poses a challenging complication for many patients undergoing arthroplasty, and the literature identifies numerous risk factors. A comprehensive understanding of the primary risk and protective factors for PJI is valuable for surgeons. This article aims to compile and summarize the key risk factors for PJI documented in the literature. Some risk factors are related to the nutritional status of patients, with obesity, weight loss, hypovitaminosis, and malnutrition being frequently reported. Pathologies affecting patients also contribute to PJI risk, including septic arthritis, hepatitis, diabetes, urinary tract infections, anemia, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, and dental pathologies. Unhealthy habits, such as tobacco and drug abuse, are significant factors. Previous corticosteroid injections may also play a role in infection development. A few protective factors are also reported in the literature (use of statins, preoperative decolonization, and preadmission skin preparation). The identification of risk factors and the implementation of evidence-based preoperative protocols are essential steps in reducing the incidence of PJI.
Introduction:
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a substantial and challenging complication that affects many patients, particularly following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA) [1,2]. The incidence of PJI ranges from 0.2% to 3% [3]. The repercussions on patients are considerable in terms of quality of life, mortality, and hospital readmission, imposing a significant strain on healthcare systems globally [4,5,6,7,8]. PJI causes disability in patients and might necessitate invasive…
Read more