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Research Article: Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation: A Case Report

Date Published: 2024-03-25

Abstract:
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a relatively rare disease in which failure of the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski to involute early in gestation leads to a grossly dilated deep cerebral vein with multiple arterial feeders, causing a large arteriovenous shunt which leads to high-output cardiac failure. We describe a case of a term neonate who presented to a tertiary neonatal centre on day one of life with history, symptoms, and signs consistent with perinatal asphyxia; however, in the context of worsening multi-organ dysfunction and cardiomegaly, the infant was found to have a severe vein of Galen aneurysmal dilatation leading to high-output cardiac failure. The patient was transferred to a tertiary paediatric hospital and underwent a total of four coiling procedures to embolise the multiple feeder arteries supplying the aneurysmal malformation. This case highlights the difficulties in diagnosing this relatively uncommon condition, particularly in the context of a possible perinatal insult.

Introduction:
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) is a relatively rare disease, occurring in less than 1 in 25,000 deliveries and representing less than 1% of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations [1]. It is caused by a failure of the median prosencephalic vein of Markowski to involute early in gestation. This embryonic vein usually involutes by the 11th week of gestation, and its remnants join with internal cerebral veins to form the great cerebral vein (also known as the vein of Galen). The persistence of the…

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