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Research Article: Efficacy and safety of hydromorphone for postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery: a randomized, double-blinded controlled trial

Date Published: 2025-04-28

Abstract:
Background: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydromorphone in postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) for orthopedic surgery patients, offering a reference for postoperative pain management in this patient population.

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