Research Article: Diagnostic consistency of GLIM criteria and PG-SGA for malnutrition in patients with pancreatic cancer
Abstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic consistency between the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria and the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) for identifying malnutrition in patients with pancreatic malignant tumors.
A total of 108 pancreatic cancer patients from our hospital with a Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS) 2002 score ? 3 were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Nutritional risk was assessed using NRS 2002, while malnutrition was evaluated by PG-SGA and GLIM criteria. The diagnostic consistency between GLIM and PG-SGA was analyzed using Cohen’s kappa ( ? ) and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa (PABAK), including a subgroup analysis of malnutrition severity. Pearson correlation examined the relationship between these tools and conventional nutritional indicators, while T-tests were used to compare functional outcomes (handgrip strength) and clinical outcomes (length of stay) between nutritional groups.
The mean NRS 2002 score was 3.37?±?0.98, with 75.0% (81/108) of patients identified as being at nutritional risk. Significant differences in nutritional risk were observed based on age, Body Mass Index (BMI), tumor stage, and tumor size ( p <?0.05). Malnutrition prevalence was 60.2% (65/108) according to GLIM criteria and 63.9% (69/108) according to PG-SGA. The consistency analysis between GLIM and PG-SGA yielded a Cohen’s kappa value of 0.71 ( p <?0.01), indicating substantial agreement. The PABAK was 0.78, confirming substantial agreement after adjusting for prevalence effects. The agreement for malnutrition severity (GLIM Stage 1/2 vs. PG-SGA Moderate/Severe) was moderate ( ? =?0.58). Both GLIM and PG-SGA scores demonstrated significant positive correlations with arm circumference (AC), calf circumference (CC), BMI, serum albumin (Alb), and hemoglobin (Hb) levels ( p <?0.05). Furthermore, malnutrition diagnosed by either GLIM or PG-SGA was significantly associated with lower handgrip strength and longer hospital stays ( p <?0.01).
Patients with pancreatic malignant tumors exhibit a high prevalence of nutritional risk and malnutrition. The GLIM criteria and PG-SGA demonstrate good consistency in diagnosing malnutrition in this patient population. Both tools effectively identify patients with functional deficits and poorer clinical outcomes, supporting the utility of GLIM as a practical assessment tool in clinical settings.
Introduction:
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy of the digestive system, characterized by its insidious onset, rapid progression, and profound systemic effects, often leading to a wasting disease state ( 1 ). A significant majority, approximately 80–90% of patients, experience symptoms such as emaciation, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss even in the early stages of the disease ( 2 ). As the tumor advances, patients frequently develop cachexia, electrolyte imbalances, and hypoproteinemia, underscoring the…
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