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Research Article: Monitoring anti-Xa levels and thromboelastography in puerperal venous thromboembolism: a prospective cohort study

Date Published: 2026-03-19

Abstract:
Postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a clinical challenge despite thromboprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) represents the first-line treatment, but interindividual pharmacodynamic variability complicates dose titration. This study aimed to optimize individualized anticoagulation monitoring based on anti-Xa levels, thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, and biochemical parameters. This prospective cohort study included postpartum VTE patients treated with nadroparin at Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (September 2021–July 2022). Anti-Xa levels, TEG parameters, and coagulation indices were monitored over the initial 10 doses. Patients with peak anti-Xa levels of 0.5–1.0?IU/mL following the 4th dose were classified as the therapeutic group. All participants were followed for 1?year. Efficacy endpoints included anti-Xa levels, coagulation profiles, TEG changes, thrombus resolution, hospitalization duration, and VTE recurrence. Safety endpoints included bleeding, hematoma, prolonged lochia, thrombocytopenia, and skin reactions. Fifty patients were enrolled. TEG parameters showed a biphasic response: R and K values peaked after four doses, then declined; MA, Angle, and CI exhibited inverse trends. Mean peak anti-Xa levels rose progressively from 0.05?±?0.08?IU/mL (day 0), reaching 0.59?±?0.19?IU/mL (day 5). Anti-Xa levels correlated positively with R ( ? =?7.88, p <?0.001) and K ( ? =?1.45, p =?0.01), and negatively with Angle ( ? =??18.38, p <?0.001). No significant differences were observed thrombus or adverse events between groups; but the therapeutic group demonstrated shorter hospitalization (7.54?±?1.72 vs. 9.04?±?3.14?days, p =?0.044). Nadroparin shows a nonlinear dose–response in postpartum VTE. Anti-Xa levels and TEG correlations may enhance individualized anticoagulation monitoring strategies. https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=132010 , ChiCTR2100051002.

Introduction:
Postpartum venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains a clinical challenge despite thromboprophylaxis. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) represents the first-line treatment, but interindividual pharmacodynamic variability complicates dose titration. This study aimed to optimize individualized anticoagulation monitoring based on anti-Xa levels, thromboelastography (TEG) parameters, and biochemical parameters.

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